Virtual assistant conversations

ABSTRACT

Techniques and architectures for implementing a team of virtual assistants are described herein. The team may include multiple virtual assistants that are configured with different characteristics, such as different functionality, base language models, levels of training, visual appearances, personalities, and so on. The characteristics of the virtual assistants may be configured by trainers, end-users, and/or a virtual assistant service. The virtual assistants may be presented to end-users in conversation user interfaces to perform different tasks for the users in a conversational manner. The different virtual assistants may adapt to different contexts. The virtual assistants may additionally, or alternatively, interact with each other to carry out tasks for the users, which may be illustrated in conversation user interfaces.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.61/922,687, filed Dec. 31, 2013, the entire contents of which areincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

A growing number of people are using smart devices, such as smartphones, tablet computers, laptop computers, and so on, to perform avariety of functionality. In many instances, the users interact withtheir devices through a virtual assistant. The virtual assistant maycommunicate with a user to perform a desired service or task, such assearching for content, checking-in to a flight, setting a calendarappointment, and so on. As more users interact with smart devicesthrough a virtual assistant, there is an increasing need to enhance theuser's experience with the virtual assistant.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The detailed description is set forth with reference to the accompanyingfigures. In the figures, the left-most digit(s) of a reference numberidentifies the figure in which the reference number first appears. Theuse of the same reference numbers in different figures indicates similaror identical items or features.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example architecture in which techniques describedherein may be implemented.

FIG. 2 illustrates example details of a virtual assistant service.

FIG. 3 illustrates example details of a smart device.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example virtual assistant trainer interface thatmay be presented to train a virtual assistant.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example virtual assistant trainer interface toreview and provide feedback on virtual assistant conversations.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example virtual assistant trainer interface toreview and configure base language models of virtual assistants.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example virtual assistant trainer interface to setor configure characteristics of a virtual assistant.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example virtual assistant agency interface tooffer virtual assistants for acquisition.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example virtual assistant customization interfacefor enabling end-users to configure virtual assistant teams.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example virtual assistant customization interfacefor enabling end-users to configure characteristics of a virtualassistant.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example conversation user interface where avirtual assistant is switched based on user input.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example conversation user interface where avirtual assistant is switched in response to a user selection of asuggested virtual assistant.

FIG. 13 illustrates example conversation user interfaces that may bepresented to show a conversation between virtual assistants.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example process for obtaining trained versions ofvirtual assistants from trainers.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example process for offering virtual assistantsfor acquisition.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example process for outputting different virtualassistants via a conversation user interface.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example process for enabling virtual assistantsto communicate with each other and presenting information to representthe communication.

FIG. 18 illustrates an example process for customizing a team of virtualassistants through a virtual assistant customization interface.

FIG. 19 illustrates an example process for customizing a team of virtualassistants from an analysis of contextual information.

FIG. 20 illustrates an example process for customizing a virtualassistant to emulate how a user has interacted with the virtualassistant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This disclosure describes, in part, techniques and architectures forimplementing a team of virtual assistants. The team may include multiplevirtual assistants that are configured with different characteristics,such as different functionality, base language models, levels oftraining, visual appearances, personalities, and so on. Thecharacteristics of the virtual assistants may be configured by trainers,end-users, and/or a virtual assistant service. The virtual assistantsmay be presented to end-users in conversation user interfaces to performdifferent tasks for the users in a conversational manner. The differentvirtual assistants may adapt to different contexts (e.g., conversationcontext, location of the user, content that is output, calendar events,etc.). The virtual assistants may additionally, or alternatively,interact with each other to carry out tasks for the users, which may beillustrated in conversation user interfaces.

In some implementations, a virtual assistant service may provide avariety of tools to enable end-users, trainers, and others to connectwith and/or use a team of virtual assistants. The virtual assistantservice may provide a virtual assistant trainer interface to trainers inorder to build characteristics of the virtual assistants. In someinstances, a trainer may identify a virtual assistant through thetrainer interface and interact with the virtual assistant over a periodof time to teach the virtual assistant how to interact with users. Inother instances, a trainer may provide input directly through thetrainer interface to configure characteristics of a virtual assistant,such as configuring responses that should be provided for particulartypes of input, configuring tasks that should be performed, and so on.In yet further instances, a trainer may otherwise provide input to traina virtual assistant.

The virtual assistant service may also provide a virtual assistantagency interface to offer virtual assistants for acquisition toend-users. The agency interface may present different types of virtualassistants, such as virtual assistants that include different visualand/or functional characteristics. The virtual assistants may have beenconfigured by trainers, the virtual assistant service, or otherwise. Toillustrate, the agency interface may present a sports virtual assistantconfigured to provide sports functionality (e.g., answer sportsquestions, emulate a sports announcer, etc.), a doctor virtual assistantconfigured to provide medical functionality (e.g., offer medical advice,set medical appointments, etc.), a mechanic virtual assistant configuredto provide automotive functionality (e.g., diagnose a problem with acar, manage maintenance schedules, etc.), and so on.

Further, the virtual assistant service may enable end-users to customizea team of virtual assistants. For example, end-users may enable ordisable individual virtual assistants to be presented through aconversation user interface. The virtual assistants may be from a set ofdefault virtual assistants that are available or a set of virtualassistants that have been acquired. In another example, end-users maymodify or otherwise personalize a characteristic of a virtual assistant,such as a visual appearance, an accent, a data source, and so on.

The virtual assistant service may also manage how virtual assistants areoutput to end-users. As noted above, a virtual assistant may bepresented through a conversation user interface that presents icons andother information. During a conversation with an end-user, differentvirtual assistants may be provided to the user, creating a rich userexperience that adapts to different contexts. For example, if the useris speaking with a health virtual assistant and asks “what happened inthe game last night?,” the conversation user interface may be updated topresent a sports virtual assistant to respond “The game was amazing! Thewolves won in double overtime.” In another example, if the user iswatching a movie and switches to the conversation user interface, anentertainment virtual assistant may be presented to provideentertainment functionality, such as searching movie listings, providingmovie recommendations, etc.

Further, the virtual assistant service may enable virtual assistants tocommunicate with each other to carry out tasks. These conversations maybe illustrated in conversation user interfaces to inform users of whathas occurred between the virtual assistants. In one example, a secretaryvirtual assistant of a user may communicate with a secretary virtualassistant of another user to schedule a meeting. To do so, the virtualassistants may share information with each other about availability ofthe users. This interaction between the virtual assistants may bepresented to the users in conversation user interfaces, in a similarfashion as when the users converse with the virtual assistants. Inanother example, different virtual assistants of a same user maycommunicate to perform a task for the user (e.g., a tax virtualassistant may communicate with a banking virtual assistant to obtainfinancial information).

As this discussion highlights, the techniques and architecturesdescribed herein provide valuable resources to end-users, trainers, andothers. In some instances, a virtual assistant service may provide ateam of virtual assistants with different characteristics. Thecharacteristics may be configured by trainers, end-users, the virtualassistant service, and others to provide customized virtual assistants.The team of virtual assistants may be selectively presented to end-usersto adapt to different contexts, thereby providing a rich userexperience. While this discussion herein highlights a few example tools,it is to be appreciated that the techniques and architectures mayinclude a multitude of other tools that similarly provide value toend-users, trainers, and others.

Although many examples are described herein in the context of visuallydisplayed user interfaces, these techniques may be implemented withaudible user interfaces (e.g., presented through a speaker of a smartdevice) or other types of interfaces. Further, while the example virtualassistant teams described herein include particular virtual assistants,the virtual assistant teams may include any type or number of virtualassistants. Moreover, the techniques described herein may be performed,at least in part, by a virtual assistant service, that may beimplemented at a client device and/or a remote computing device.

This brief introduction is provided for the reader's convenience and isnot intended to limit the scope of the claims, nor the proceedingsections. Furthermore, the techniques described in detail herein may beimplemented in a number of ways and in a number of contexts. Someexample implementations and contexts are provided with reference to thefollowing figures, as described below in more detail. It is to beappreciated, however, that the following implementations and contextsare but some of many.

Example Architecture

FIG. 1 illustrates an example architecture 100 in which a virtualassistant team 102 may be implemented. The architecture 100 includes oneor more smart devices 104 (hereinafter “the smart device 104”) topresent the virtual assistant team 102 to one or more end-users 106(hereinafter “the user 106”) to perform tasks for the user 106. Thevirtual assistant team 102 may be implemented in cooperation with avirtual assistant service 108 that generally manages access to and/orfunctionality associated with the virtual assistant team 102. As thevirtual assistant team 102 performs tasks, the virtual assistant team102 may communicate with one or more services providers 110 (hereinafter“the service provider 110”). The architecture 100 also includes avirtual assistant trainer community 112 to train virtual assistants tobe provided end-users, such as the user 106.

The smart device 104 may comprise any type of computing device that isconfigured to perform an operation. For example, the smart device 104may be implemented as a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a server, asmart phone, an electronic reader device, a mobile handset, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a portable navigation device, a portable gamingdevice, a tablet computer, a wearable computer (e.g., a watch, a pair ofglass with computing capabilities, etc.), a portable media player, atelevision, a set-top box, a computer system in a car, an appliance, acamera, a robot, a hologram system, a security system, a home-basedcomputer system (e.g., intercom system, home media system, etc.), aprojector, an automated teller machine (ATM), and so on.

The smart device 104 may output the virtual assistant team 102 to theuser 106 via a conversation user interface 114. The virtual assistantteam 102 may interact with the user 106 in a conversational manner toperform tasks. For example, in response to a query from the user 106 to“find the nearest restaurant,” a virtual assistant of the team 102 mayprovide information through the conversation user interface 114 thatidentifies the nearest restaurant. As such, the user 106 and/or thevirtual assistant team 102 may communicate in a natural language format.Each virtual assistant of the virtual assistant team 102 may beconfigured for multi-modal input/output (e.g., receive and/or respond inaudio or speech, text, touch, gesture, etc.), multi-languagecommunication (e.g., receive and/or respond according to any type ofhuman language), multi-channel communication (e.g., carry outconversations through a variety of computing devices, such as continuinga conversation as a user transitions from using one computing device toanother), and other types of input/output or communication.

In some implementations, a virtual assistant may comprise an intelligentpersonal assistant. A virtual assistant may generally perform tasks forusers and act as an interface to information of the service provider110, information of the smart device 104, information of the virtualassistant service 108, or any type of information. For example, inresponse to input from the user 106, a virtual assistant may accesscontent items stored on the service provider 110 and provide a contentitem to the user.

Further, in some implementations a virtual assistant may embody ahuman-like persona and/or artificial intelligence (AI). For example, avirtual assistant may be represented by an image or avatar that isdisplayed on the smart device 104. An avatar may comprise an animatedcharacter that may take on any number of shapes and appearances, and/orresemble a human talking to a user. In some instances, the avatar may bearranged as a representative of the service provider 110 or the virtualassistant service 108, while in other instances the avatar may be adedicated personal assistant to a user.

The virtual assistant team 102 may include virtual assistants that areconfigured with different functional and/or visual characteristics.These different characteristics may enable the virtual assistant team102 to adapt to various contexts, such as location of the smart device104, concepts identified during a conversation, content that is beingviewed by the user 106, calendar events, and so on. To illustrate, ifthe user 106 is interacting with a mechanical virtual assistant throughthe conversation user interface 114 and inputs “what's the score of thegame,” the conversation user interface 114 may change to a sportsvirtual assistant to provide the score of the game. In the examplearchitecture 100 of FIG. 1, the virtual assistant team 102 includes adoctor virtual assistant, finance virtual assistant, travel agentvirtual assistant, professor virtual assistant, sports virtualassistant, mechanic virtual assistant, and executive assistant virtualassistant. However, any type of virtual assistant may be implemented.

In some instances, the conversation user interface 114 is a dedicatedinterface for the smart device 104 (e.g., built into an operating systemof the smart device 104, a mobile application for a mobile device,etc.). In other instances, the conversation user interface 114 isassociated with the service provider 110 and/or the virtual assistantservice 108. To illustrate, the conversation user interface 114 may bedisplayed through an online site of a service provider when the usernavigates to the online site. Here, the conversation user interface 114may include a virtual assistant that embodies characteristics of theservice provider, such as a flight attendant for an online airline site.

The virtual assistant team 102 may be implemented in cooperation withthe virtual assistant service 108. The virtual assistant service 108 mayinclude one or more computing devices. The one or more computing devicesmay be implemented as one or more desktop computers, laptop computers,servers, and so on. The one or more computing devices may be configuredin a cluster, data center, cloud computing environment, or a combinationthereof. In one example, the virtual assistant service 108 providescloud computing resources, including computational resources, storageresources, networking resources, and the like, that operate remotely tothe smart device 104 or other devices.

The virtual assistant service 108 may provide one or more services toimplement the virtual assistant team 102. As noted above, the virtualassistant service 108 may generally manage access to and/orfunctionality associated with the virtual assistant team 102. In oneexample, the virtual assistant service 108 may configure characteristicsof a virtual assistant based on input from a trainer, user, orotherwise. In another example, the virtual assistant service 108 maycause different virtual assistants to be presented to end-users toperform a variety of tasks. In yet other examples, the virtual assistantservice 108 may offer the virtual assistants for acquisition, associatevirtual assistants with end-users so that they may be utilized by theend-users, and perform a variety of other functions described herein.The virtual assistant service 108 may operate as a “back-end” resourceto the smart device 104 or other devices.

The virtual assistant trainer community 112 may include one or moretrainers 116 (hereinafter “the trainer 116”) that employ one or moredevices 118 (hereinafter “the device 118”) to train virtual assistants.In one example, the trainer 116 may select a virtual assistant to trainfrom a set of default virtual assistants that are provided by thevirtual assistant service 108. The trainer 116 may then interact withthe virtual assistant over time to cause the virtual assistant toperform tasks. The virtual assistant service 108 may monitor theinteractions and make updates to characteristics of the virtualassistant. To illustrate, assume that the trainer 116 provides input“what's the hoops score?” to a sports virtual assistant, and the sportsvirtual assistant provides search results for a hula hoop (e.g., sincethe term hoop is not yet associated with basketball). Here, the trainer116 may state “no, I meant ‘what's the score of the basketball game,’”and the term “hoops” may be reconfigured to be mapped to tasksassociated with basketball. In another example, the trainer 116 maydirectly configure a characteristic through an interface that isprovided by the virtual assistant service 108, such as selecting theterm “hoops” to be associated with basketball tasks. In FIG. 1, thetrainer 116 has updated a virtual assistant 120(a) to be a trainedvirtual assistant 120(b), as illustrated by the one star that isassociated with the virtual assistant 120(a) and the three stars thatare associated with the trained virtual assistant 120(b).

In some instances, the trainer 116 may be associated with particularqualifications. That is, the trainer 116 may include particulartraining, experience, skills, credentials, knowledge, and so on. Thequalifications of the trainer 116 may be verified by the virtualassistant service 108 before the trainer 116 is able to train a virtualassistant. This verification may include evaluating documents that areprovided by the trainer 116 (e.g., evaluating certificates or otherdocuments uploaded by the trainer 116), performing a background check(e.g., with the explicit authorization from the trainer 116), searchingonline for information about the trainer 116 (e.g., information onsocial networking sites, etc.), and so on. In other instances, thetrainer 116 may comprise any user that has registered with the virtualassistant service 108 as a trainer. Trainers may attempt to buildreputations by training virtual assistants and receiving feedback fromend-users regarding the virtual assistants.

The device 118 may include any type of computing device that isconfigured to perform an operation. For example, the device 118 may beimplemented as a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a server, a smartphone, an electronic reader device, a mobile handset, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a portable navigation device, a portable gaming device,a tablet computer, a wearable computer (e.g., a watch, a pair of glasswith computing capabilities, etc.), a portable media player, atelevision, a set-top box, a computer system in a car, an appliance, acamera, a robot, a hologram system, a security system, a home-basedcomputer system (e.g., intercom system, home media system, etc.), aprojector, an automated teller machine (ATM), and so on. As such, thedevice 118 may comprise a smart device.

The virtual assistant service 108 may communicate with the serviceprovider 110 to access data and/or utilize services in order toimplement the virtual assistant team 102. The service provider 110 mayinclude one or more data stores 122 for storing content items. Forexample, the one or more data stores 122 may include a mobile web datastore, a smart web data store, an information and content data store, acontent management service (CMS) data store, and so on. A mobile webdata store may store content items that are designed to be viewed on amobile device, such as a mobile telephone, tablet device, etc.Meanwhile, a web data store includes content items that are generallydesigned to be viewed on a device that includes a relatively largedisplay, such as a desktop computer. An information and content datastore may include content items associated with an application, contentitems from a data base, and so on. A CMS data store may include contentitems providing information about a user, such as a user preference,user profile information, information identifying offers that areconfigured to a user based on profile and purchase preferences, etc. Assuch, the service provider 110 may include content items from any typeof source.

Although the one or more data stores 122 are illustrated as included inthe service provider 110, the one or more data stores 122 mayalternatively, or additionally, be included in the virtual assistantservice 108, the smart device 104, and/or the device 118. Further,although the service provider 110 is illustrated as a collection of theone or more data stores 122, the service provider 110 may be associatedwith one or more computing devices, such as one or more servers, desktopcomputers, laptop computers, or any other type of device configured toprocess data. In some instances, the one or more computing devices maybe configured in a cluster, data center, cloud computing environment, ora combination thereof.

The architecture 100 may also include one or more networks 124 to enablethe smart device 104, the virtual assistant service 108, the virtualassistant trainer community 112 (e.g., the device 118), and/or theservice provider 110 to communicate with each other. The one or morenetworks 124 may include any one or combination of multiple differenttypes of networks, such as cellular networks, wireless networks, LocalArea Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), the Internet, and soon.

Example Virtual Assistant Service

FIG. 2 illustrates details of the example virtual assistant service 108of FIG. 1. As noted above, the virtual assistant service 108 may beimplemented as one or more computing devices. The one or more computingdevices may include one or more processors 202, memory 204, and one ormore network interfaces 206. The one or more processors 202 may includea central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), amicroprocessor, a digital signal processor, and so on.

The memory 204 may include software functionality configured as one ormore “modules.” The term “module” is intended to represent exampledivisions of the software for purposes of discussion, and is notintended to represent any type of requirement or required method, manneror necessary organization. Accordingly, while various “modules” arediscussed, their functionality and/or similar functionality could bearranged differently (e.g., combined into a fewer number of modules,broken into a larger number of modules, etc.). Further, while certainfunctions are described herein as being implemented as software modulesconfigured for execution by a processor, in other embodiments, any orall of the functions may be implemented (e.g., performed) in whole or inpart by hardware logic components. For example, and without limitation,illustrative types of hardware logic components that can be used includeField-programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Application-specific IntegratedCircuits (ASICs), Program-specific Standard Products (ASSPs),System-on-a-chip systems (SOCs), Complex Programmable Logic Devices(CPLDs), etc.

As illustrated in FIG. 2, the memory 204 includes an input processingmodule 208, a task and response module 210, a user characteristiclearning module 212, a context module 214, an interface module 216, avirtual assistant characteristic module 218, a virtual assistant outputmodule 220, and a virtual assistant communication module 222.

The input processing module 208 may be configured to perform varioustechniques to process input received from a user. For instance, inputthat is received from the user 106 during a conversation with a virtualassistant may be sent to the input processing module 208 for processing.If the input is speech input, the input processing module 208 mayperform speech recognition techniques to convert the input into a formatthat is understandable by a computing device, such as text.Additionally, or alternatively, the input processing module 208 mayutilize Natural Language Processing (NLP) to interpret or derive ameaning and/or concept of the input. The speech recognition and/or NLPtechniques may include known or new techniques.

The task and response module 210 may be configured to identify and/orperform tasks and/or formulate a response to input. As noted above,users may interact with virtual assistants to cause tasks to beperformed by the virtual assistants. In some instances, a task may beperformed in response to explicit user input, such as playing music inresponse to “please play music.” In other instances, a task may beperformed in response to inferred user input requesting that that thetask be performed, such as providing weather information in response to“the weather looks nice today.” In yet further instances, a task may beperformed when an event has occurred (and possibly when no input hasbeen received), such as providing flight information an hour before aflight, presenting flight information upon arrival of a user at anairport, and so on.

A task may include any type of operation that is performed at least inpart by a computing device. For example, a task may include logging auser into a site, setting a calendar appointment, resetting a passwordfor a user, purchasing an item, opening an application, sending aninstruction to a device to perform an act, sending an email, navigatingto a web site, upgrading a user's seat assignment, outputting content(e.g., outputting audio (an audible answer), video, an image, text, ahyperlink, etc.), and so on. Further, a task may include performing anoperation according to one or more criteria (e.g., one or more defaultsettings), such as sending an email through a particular email account,providing directions with a particular mobile application, searching forcontent through a particular search engine, and so on.

A task may include or be associated with a response to a user (e.g.,“here is your requested information,” outputting content, etc.). Aresponse may be provided through a conversation user interfaceassociated with a virtual assistant. In some instances, a response maybe addressed to or otherwise tailored to a user (e.g., “Yes, John, as aGold Customer you are entitled to a seat upgrade, and I have providedsome links below that may be of interest to you . . . ”). Input and/oroutput between users and virtual assistants (e.g., conversations) may bestored in a virtual assistant conversation data store 224.

The user characteristic learning module 212 may be configured to observeuser activity and attempt to learn characteristics about a user. Theuser characteristic learning module 212 may learn any number ofcharacteristics about the user over time, such as user preferences(e.g., likes and dislikes), track patterns (e.g., user normally readsthe news starting with the sports, followed by the business section,followed by the world news), behaviors (e.g., listens to music in themorning and watches movies at night, speaks with an accent, prefers ownmusic collection rather than looking for new music in the cloud, etc.),and so on. To observe user activity and learn a characteristic, the usercharacteristic learning module 212 may access a user profile, track apattern, monitor navigation of the user, and so on. Learned usercharacteristics may be stored in a user characteristic data store 226.

As an example of learning a user characteristic, consider a scenariowhere a user incorrectly inputs “Cobo” or a speech recognition systemincorrectly recognized the user input as “Cobo”. Once the user correctsthis to say “Cabo”, the user characteristic learning module 212 canrecord this correction from “Cobo” to “Cabo” in the event that a similarsituation arises in the future. Thus, when the user next speaks thephrase “Cabo San Lucas”, and even though the speech recognition mightrecognize the user input as “Cobo”, the virtual assistant service 108will use the learned correction and make a new assumption that the usermeans “Cabo” and respond accordingly. As another example, if a userroutinely asks for the movie “Crazy”, the user characteristic learningmodule 212 will learn over time that this is the user preference andmake this assumption. Hence, in the future, when the user says “PlayCrazy”, the virtual assistant service 108 will make a different initialassumption to begin play of the movie, rather than the originalassumption of the song “Crazy” by Willie Nelson.

The context module 214 may be configured to identify (e.g., determine)one or more pieces of contextual information. Contextual information maybe used in various manners. For instance, contextual information may beused by the input processing module 208 to determine an intent ormeaning of a user's input. In addition, after identifying the user'sintent, the same or different contextual information may be taken intoaccount by the task and response module 210 to determine a task to beperformed or a response to provide back to the user. Further, contextualinformation may be used by the user characteristic learning module 212to learn characteristics about a user. Moreover, contextual informationmay be used by the virtual assistant characteristic module 218 tocustomize a virtual assistant team. Additionally, or alternatively,contextual information may be used by the virtual assistant outputmodule 220 to manage output of virtual assistants to users and/or by thevirtual assistant communication module 222 to control conversationsbetween virtual assistants.

Generally, contextual information may comprise any type of informationthat is associated with a user, a device, or other information. In someinstances, contextual information is expressed as a value of one or morevariables, such as whether or not a user has signed in with a site(e.g., “is_signed_in =true” or “is_signed_in =false”). When contextualinformation is associated with a user, the contextual information may beobtained with the explicit consent of the user (e.g., asking the user ifthe information may be collected). Contextual information may be storedin a context data store 228. Example, non-limiting pieces of contextualinformation may include:

-   -   Conversation information describing a conversation between a        user and a virtual assistant, either during the current session        or during a previous session(s) (e.g., a conversation history        (input and/or output) during a current or previous conversation        session). For example, the conversation information may include        the input that is received from a user (e.g., “what is the        weather like outside”) and/or the output from a virtual        assistant (e.g., “it's 40 degrees outside”).    -   Content output history describing content that has been output        to a user during a conversation or at any time. For example, the        output history may indicate that a sports web page was output to        a user during a conversation. In another example, the output        history may identify a song that a user listened to on a home        stereo receiver or a movie that was played on a television.    -   Input mode history indicating one or more input modes that a        user has used to interact with a user interface (e.g., text,        touch, or speech input via a conversation user interface of a        virtual assistant and/or another user interface).    -   What type of input mode a user prefers to interact with a        virtual assistant (e.g., input mode—whether the user prefers to        submit a query textually, using voice input, touch input,        gesture input, etc.). A preferred input mode may be inferred        from previous interactions, explicit input of the user, profile        information, etc.    -   Calendar information describing one or more events of a user        (e.g., a scheduled flight, a work meeting, etc.).    -   Message information describing a message that has been sent via        a messaging service (e.g., a text message, an email, an instant        messaging message, a telephone call, etc.). The messaging        information may identify the content of the message, who the        message was sent to, from whom the message was sent, etc.    -   A location of a cursor on a site when a user provides input to a        virtual assistant.    -   A time of day or date (e.g., a time of day at which a user        provides input to a virtual assistant).    -   An age or gender of a user.    -   Location information describing a previous, current, or future        location of a user or device associated with the user (e.g., a        geo-location of a device through which the user provides a        query, location based on network information, mailing address of        the user, etc.).    -   Sensor information obtained from a sensor of a device with which        a user is interacting (e.g., a geo-location, environmental data        including background noise or video/audio from a surrounding of        the device, etc.);    -   Device information indicating a device type with which a user        interacts with a virtual assistant (e.g., a mobile device, a        desktop computer, game system, etc.).    -   An orientation of a device which a user is using to interact        with a virtual assistant (e.g., landscape or portrait).    -   A communication channel which a device of a user uses to        interface with a virtual assistant service (e.g., wireless        network, wired network, etc.).    -   A language associated with a user (e.g., a language of a query        submitted by the user, what languages the user speaks, etc.).    -   How an interaction with a virtual assistant is initiated (e.g.,        via user selection of a link or graphic, via the virtual        assistant proactively engaging a user, etc.).    -   How a user has been communicating recently (e.g., via text        messaging, via email, etc.).    -   Information derived from a user's location (e.g., current,        forecasted, or past weather at a location, major sports teams at        the location, nearby restaurants, etc.).    -   Current topics of interest, either to a user or generally (e.g.,        trending micro-blog or blog topics, current news, recent        micro-blog or blog posts made by the user, etc.).    -   Whether or not a user has signed-in with a site of a service        provider (e.g., with a user name and password).    -   A status of a user with a service provider (e.g., based on miles        flown, a type of membership of the user, a type of subscription        purchased by the user, etc.).    -   A page of a site from which a user provides a query to a virtual        assistant.    -   How long a user has remained on a page of a site from which the        user provides a query to the virtual assistant.    -   Social media information describing interactions of a user via a        social networking service (e.g., posts or other content that        have been viewed and/or posted to a social networking site or        blog).    -   Search information describing search input received from a user        and search output provided to the user (e.g., a user searched        for “luxury cars,” and 45 search results were returned).    -   User preference information describing a preference of a user        (e.g., a seat preference, a home airport, a preference of        whether schedule or price is important to a user, a type of        weather a user enjoys, types of items acquired by a user and        identifying information for those items, types of stock a user        owns or sold, etc.).    -   User profile information (e.g., information identifying        friends/family of a user, information identifying where a user        works or lives, information identifying a car a user owns,        etc.).    -   Purchase history identifying items that have been acquired by a        user.    -   Any characteristic of a user (e.g., learned characteristics).

The interface module 216 may be configured to provide a virtualassistant trainer interface and/or a virtual assistant agency interface.The virtual assistant trainer interface may enable a trainer to train avirtual assistant. Through the trainer interface a trainer may associatea virtual assistant with the trainer so that interactions may bemonitored, submit virtual assistants that have been trained to beoffered for acquisition, review virtual assistant conversations, reviewvirtual assistant base language models, set virtual assistantcharacteristics, and perform a variety of other operations. Examplevirtual assistant trainer interfaces are illustrated in FIGS. 4-7.Meanwhile, the virtual assistant agency interface may offer virtualassistants for acquisition to end-users. The virtual assistants may havebeen trained by the trainers through the virtual assistant trainerinterface or otherwise configured (e.g., by the service provider 108).As described herein, the acquisition of a virtual assistant may beachieved through purchasing, renting, borrowing, trading, bartering, orotherwise obtaining the virtual assistant. An example virtual assistantagency interface is illustrated in FIG. 8.

The virtual assistant characteristic module 218 may be configured tocustomize or otherwise configure a characteristic of a virtualassistant. For example, in response to input from a trainer through avirtual assistant trainer interface regarding a virtual assistantcharacteristic, the virtual assistant characteristic model 218 mayconfigure the virtual assistant characteristic. To illustrate, a trainermay request that a particular action and object (e.g., verb and noun) beassociated with a particular task, and the virtual assistantcharacteristics model 218 may configure such a mapping. Additionally, oralternatively, the virtual assistant characteristic module 218 mayconfigure a virtual assistant characteristic based on input from anend-user, such as through the interface illustrated in FIG. 10.

A characteristic of a virtual assistant may include any visual,functional, or other feature or attribute that may be used to define thevirtual assistant. Characteristics of virtual assistants may be storedin a virtual assistant data store 230. Characteristics of a virtualassistant may define the persona of the virtual assistant. Examplecharacteristics of a virtual assistant include:

-   -   Functionality-actions that a virtual assistant is configured to        perform (e.g., tasks, services, etc.). For example, a sports        virtual assistant may be configured to provide sports        functionality, such as accessing sports web sites, providing        sports scores in a particular format (e.g., outputting a box        score for a baseball game), and so on. Whereas a medical virtual        assistant may be configured to send messages to fill medical        prescriptions, provide medical diagnostics (e.g., provide a        series of questions to determine an illness), connect a user        with a physician (e.g., send an email, make an appointment for        an exam, etc.), and so on.    -   A task mapping—information that defines how tasks are mapped to        concepts, actions (e.g., verbs), and/or objects (e.g., nouns).        For example, a task mapping may identify that an action/object        pair of send/message corresponds to a task of sending a text        message. In another example, concepts of basketball and score        may be mapped to a task of providing a score of a basketball        game.    -   A base language model—information that forms the basis of a        virtual assistant's language. A base language model may        generally include a set of language units, with each language        unit mapping a set of inputs (e.g., user queries or questions)        to a task or response.    -   A lexicon—the set of words that are understood and/or used by a        virtual assistant and the meaning of those words. For example, a        travel virtual assistant may be associated with a set of travel        words (e.g., flight terminology, car rental terminology, etc.).        In this example, the travel virtual assistant may associate a        term of “status” with “flight status,” instead of “order status”        for a purchased item (as may be the case for a different type of        virtual assistant, such as an e-commerce virtual assistant).    -   An input processing technique(s)—a technique that is the basis        for recognizing speech, touch, or text input. For example, a        banking virtual assistant may be configured to recognize a        particular number sequence with dashes (e.g., ###-##-####) as a        social security number, whereas a different type of virtual        assistant may merely recognize this as numbers and dashes. In        another example, the banking virtual assistant may only be        configured to receive or process touch or text input from a user        so that confidential information is not spoken by a user and        compromised. In yet a further example, a virtual assistant for        teaching Spanish may be configured with Spanish and English NLP,        whereas another type of virtual assistant may only be configured        with English NLP.    -   A level of training—a degree to which a virtual assistant has        been trained. For example, a virtual assistant that is        associated with a relatively high degree of training may have        been reconfigured multiple times by a plurality of trainers, may        be have been trained by a highly rated trainer, and so on. As        such, a level of training for a virtual assistant may be        represented by a number of trainers that have configured the        virtual assistant, what trainers have configured the virtual        assistant (e.g., types of trainers), and so on.    -   A level of security access—the types of information that are        accessible to a virtual assistant. For example, a messaging        virtual assistant that manages email accounts for a user may        have access to login passwords of those email accounts, whereas        a sports virtual assistant may not. In some instances, if        another virtual assistant has a level of security access to        information that is needed to complete a task, processing may be        passed to the other virtual assistant to complete the task. In        another example, a banking virtual assistant that manages a        banking account of a user may have access to relatively        confidential information, such as a social security number of        the user.    -   A visual appearance—how a virtual assistant is visually        displayed (e.g., how the virtual assistant looks). This may        include clothing, hair color, age, facial expressions,        accessories (e.g., watches, necklaces, etc.), items associated        with the virtual assistant (e.g., books for a professor, a        calculator for a finance virtual assistant, a wrench for a        mechanic virtual assistant, headphone for a travel agent, etc.),        etc.    -   An audible manner of output—how a virtual assistant speaks to a        user. This may include an accent of the virtual assistant (e.g.,        English, Australian, etc.), a fluctuation in the virtual        assistants speech (e.g., pronouncing a first word of a sentence        different than other words of a sentence), how fast words are        spoken, and so on.    -   A language in which a virtual assistant communicates (e.g.,        Spanish, German, French, English, etc.). This may include a        language that is understood by the virtual assistant and/or a        language that is spoken or otherwise used to output information        by the virtual assistant.    -   A personality—how a virtual assistant responds to a user. For        example, a virtual assistant may act cheerful (e.g., uses        predetermined positive language, speaks in a predetermined        upbeat tone, etc.), angry (e.g., speaks above a volume        threshold, accents particular words, etc.), depressed (e.g.,        speaks below a word velocity threshold), and so on. In one        instance, a virtual assistant may be configured to emulate or        mimic how a user interacts with the virtual assistant (e.g., if        the user talks fast, the virtual may speak fast; if the user        uses text to input, the virtual assistant may output responses        in text; etc.).    -   An industry for which a virtual assistant is configured, such as        healthcare (e.g., doctor), finance (e.g., accounting, taxes,        banking, etc.), travel, computer, sales, human resources,        information technology (IT), automotive (e.g., mechanic, sales,        etc.), sports, librarian, executive assistant, and so on.    -   A type of device for which a virtual assistant is configured,        such as a mobile device, a desktop computer, a tablet computer,        and so on.    -   A platform for which a virtual assistant is configured, such as        a mobile platform (e.g., mobile operating system), personal        computer platform (e.g., general purpose operating system), etc.    -   A location where a virtual assistant is stored (e.g., cloud vs.        local, a physical location where the virtual assistant is        stored, an entity where the virtual assistant is stored        (application, service provider, etc.), etc.).    -   A type of service implementation (e.g., cloud service vs. local        application).    -   A condition that triggers the output of a virtual assistant. For        example, a travel virtual assistant may be configured to be        output whenever a user arrives at an airport or hotel. In        another example, an automotive virtual assistant may be output        whenever a user's smart device connects to a car navigation        system.    -   Entity that is associated with a virtual assistant. For example,        a virtual assistant may have been generated by or for a        particular user, application (e.g., program), company, service        provider, device, etc. (e.g., personalized for a user,        associated with a user's account, associated with a company,        etc.).

As noted above, a team of virtual assistants may include virtualassistant with different characteristics. As such, the team of virtualassistants may be associated with different modules, entities, storagelocations, method of implementation, and so on.

The virtual assistant output module 220 may be configured to identifyvirtual assistants to be output to end-users. To do so, the virtualassistant output module 220 may determine when particular conditions aresatisfied to trigger the output of a virtual assistant. This may includeanalyzing or monitoring contextual information. When a virtual assistantis identified to be output, the virtual assistant output module 220 maycause the virtual assistant to be output (e.g., send an instruction to aclient device to output the virtual assistant, send data representingthe virtual assistant to a client device, etc.). To illustrate, assumethat a user is interacting with an executive assistant virtual assistantand asks “do I need to pay any bills?” Based on this conversationinformation the virtual assistant output module 220 may determine that afinance virtual assistant should be output to answer the question. Here,the virtual assistant output module 220 may cause the finance virtualassistant to be presented. In another illustration, assume that a userhas just arrived at the airport to depart on a flight. Based on thelocation of the user, and identifying a scheduled flight in the user'scalendar, the virtual assistant output module 220 may cause a travelvirtual assistant to be presented to the user when the user interactswith a smart device.

The virtual assistant communication module 222 may be configured tomanage conversations between virtual assistants. As noted above, in someinstances virtual assistants may communicate with each other to performtasks for one or more users. For example, if a user desires to schedulea meeting with another user, the user may communicate this desire to avirtual assistant and the virtual assistant may communicate with theother user's virtual assistant to schedule the meeting. The virtualassistants may exchange calendar information to identify a time at whichboth users are available. In addition to managing communications betweenvirtual assistants, the virtual assistant communication module 222 maycause representations of the conversation to be output via aconversation user interface. In returning to the scheduling example, adialog representation may be presented showing that one virtualassistant asked when a user would be available, and another dialogrepresentation may be presented showing that the other virtual assistantresponded with times that the user is available. These dialogrepresentations may assist a user in understanding a conversationbetween virtual assistants, which may have ultimately led to completionof a task for the user. In some instances, the virtual assistantcommunication module 222 may utilize contextual information to determinewhen and/or with whom to communicate. To illustrate, upon identifyingthat a user has arrived at an office building for a meeting with anotheruser (e.g., based on location information), the user's virtual assistantmay communicate with a virtual assistant of the other user to let theother user know that the user has arrived for the meeting.

Although the modules 208-222 are illustrated as being included in thevirtual assistant service 108, in some instances one or more of thesemodules may be included in the smart device 104, the device 118, orelsewhere. As such, in some examples the virtual assistant service 108may be eliminated entirely, such as in the case when all processing isperformed locally at the smart device 104 (e.g., the smart device 104operates independently). In addition, in some instances any of the datastores 224-230 may be included in elsewhere, such as within the smartdevice 104, the device 118, and/or the service provider 110.

Example Smart Device

FIG. 3 illustrates details of the example smart device 104 of FIG. 1.The smart device 104 may be equipped with one or more processors 302,memory 304, one or more cameras 306, one or more displays 308, one ormore microphones 310, one or more projectors 312, one or more speakers314, and/or one or more sensors 316. The components 304-316 may becommunicatively coupled to the one or more processors 302. The one ormore processors 302 may include a central processing unit (CPU), agraphics processing unit (GPU), a microprocessor, a digital signalprocessor, and so on. The one or more cameras 306 may include a frontfacing camera and/or a rear facing camera. The one or more displays 308may include a touch screen, a Liquid-crystal Display (LCD), aLight-emitting Diode (LED) display, an organic LED display, a plasmadisplay, an electronic paper display, or any other type of technology.The one or more sensors 316 may include an accelerometer, compass,gyroscope, magnetometer, Global Positioning System (GPS), olfactorysensor (e.g., for smell), or other sensor. The components 306-314 may beconfigured to receive user input, such as gesture input (e.g., throughthe camera), touch input, audio or speech input, and so on, and/or maybe configured to output content, such as audio, images, video, and soon. In some instances, the one or more displays 308, the one or moreprojectors 312, and/or the one or more speakers 314 may comprise acontent output device configured to output content and/or a virtualassistant. In one example, the one or more projectors 312 may beconfigured to project a virtual assistant (e.g., output an image on awall, present a hologram, etc.). Although not illustrated, the smartdevice 104 may also include one or more network interfaces.

The memory 108 may include a client application 318 (e.g., module)configured to implement a virtual assistant on a user-side. In manyinstances, the client application 318 may provide a conversation userinterface to implement a virtual assistant. A conversation userinterface may provide conversation representations (sometimes referredto as dialog representations) representing information from a virtualassistant and/or information from the user. For example, in response toa query from a user to “find the nearest restaurant,” the conversationuser interface may display a dialog representation of the user's queryand a response item of the virtual assistant that identifies the nearestrestaurant to the user. A conversation representation may comprise anicon (e.g., selectable or non-selectable), a menu item (e.g., drop downmenu, radio control, etc.), text, a link, audio, video, or any othertype of information.

The client application 318 may receive any type of input from a user,such as audio or speech, text, touch, or gesture input received througha sensor of the smart device 104. The client application 318 may alsoprovide any type of output, such as audio, text, interface items (e.g.,icons, buttons, menu elements, etc.), and so on. In someimplementations, the client application 318 is implemented as, or inassociation with, a mobile application, a browser (e.g., mobilebrowser), and so on.

The memory 204 and/or 304 (as well as all other memory described herein)may include one or a combination of computer storage media. Computerstorage media includes volatile and non-volatile, removable andnon-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storageof information, such as computer readable instructions, data structures,program modules, or other data. Computer storage media includes, but isnot limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static random-access memory(SRAM), dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), other types of randomaccess memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memorytechnology, compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), digital versatiledisks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape,magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any othernon-transitory medium that can be used to store information for accessby a computing device. As defined herein, computer storage media doesnot include communication media, such as modulated data signals andcarrier waves. As such, computer storage media is non-transitory media.

Example Interfaces

FIGS. 4-13 illustrate example interfaces that may be presented to users,trainers, and others. The interfaces may be provided via a web browser,an application (e.g., mobile application, desktop application, etc.),and so on. Although many of the interfaces are illustrated as beingpresented via particular devices of the architecture 100, the interfacesmay be presented via any device. Further, the interfaces may befacilitated or managed by any device in the architecture 100 or otherdevices.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example virtual assistant trainer interface 400that may be presented to train a virtual assistant. This and othervirtual assistant trainer interfaces may enable a community of trainersto train virtual assistants, offer them for acquisition to end-users,build reputations for themselves, obtain compensation, and so on.

The virtual assistant trainer interface 400 may include a section 402where a trainer may manage and train existing virtual assistants thathave been associated with the trainer. As illustrated, the trainer maylogin to an account (e.g., a trainer account associated with the serviceprovider 108) to access the virtual assistants. By selecting a button404, the trainer may submit a trained version of a virtual assistant tobe offered for acquisition to users. Here, the user may submit one ofthe virtual assistants that is selected below the heading “Your VirtualAssistants in Training.” In some instances, after submitting a virtualassistant, the trainer may be directed to a page to obtain compensation(e.g., input bank account routing information, obtain gift cards, etc.).While in other instances, compensation may be paid out over time astrained versions of virtual assistants are acquired by users.

The virtual assistant trainer interface 400 also includes buttons406-410, which may enable the trainer to review and/or configureinformation for a virtual assistant (e.g., a selected virtual assistantbelow the heading “Your Virtual Assistants in Training”). For example,by selecting the button 406, the trainer may review and provide feedbackon virtual assistant conversations, such as those presented in FIG. 5.By selecting the button 408, the trainer may review and configure baselanguage models of virtual assistants, such as those illustrated in FIG.6. And, by selecting the button 410, the trainer may set or configurecharacteristics of a virtual assistant, such as those illustrated inFIG. 7.

Although the virtual assistant trainer interface 400 illustrates buttons406-410 for training virtual assistants (e.g., direct configuration ofvirtual assistants), in some instances a trainer may train a virtualassistant indirectly through a conversation user interface. The trainermay interact with the virtual assistant overtime and correct responsesor tasks that the virtual assistant performs that the trainer believesare inappropriate.

The virtual assistant trainer interface 400 also includes a section 412for selecting a new virtual assistant to be trained. Here, the virtualassistants below the heading “Select a Virtual Assistant to Train” mayinclude default or partially trained virtual assistants that may be madeavailable to trainers. By selecting a button 414, the trainer may beassociated a selected virtual assistant (e.g., a trainer account), whichmay cause the virtual assistant to be presented in the section 402and/or associated with a conversation user interface of the trainer.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example virtual assistant trainer interface 500 toreview and provide feedback on virtual assistant conversations. By doingso, a virtual assistant may be evaluated and reconfigured so that moresuitable responses are provided and tasks are performed. In thisexample, a trainer has selected to review conversation for an executiveassistant virtual assistant 502.

A conversation section 504 of the virtual assistant trainer interface500 may present conversation input and output for the virtual assistant502. These inputs and outputs may be from conversations that the traineror others have had with the virtual assistant 502. The trainer mayreview the inputs and outputs and provide feedback in a rating section506 and a comments section 508. For example, here the trainer has lefttwo stars in a star section 510 for the output of the virtual assistant502 and has left a comment in the comments section 508 as to why such arating was provided. Although the trainer has not done so in thisexample, the trainer may additionally provide a mason for a ratingthrough a drop-down menu 512.

Upon providing feedback, the trainer may select a button 514 to submitthe feedback. The feedback may be used to reconfigure the virtualassistant 502 (e.g., so that the next time a user asks “please make anappointment for 1 pm,” or similar input, the virtual assistant 502schedules an appointment for 1 pm that day, without further promptingthe user for a date).

FIG. 6 illustrates an example virtual assistant trainer interface 600 toreview and configure base language models of virtual assistants. Asnoted above, a base language model may form the basis of a virtualassistant's language and may include a set of language units, with eachlanguage unit mapping a set of inputs (e.g., user queries or questions)to a task or response. Here, a trainer has selected to configure a baselanguage model of a sports virtual assistant 602. In particular, thetrainer has selected a particular concept of the base language model,namely a basketball concept 604.

As illustrated, the virtual assistant trainer interface 600 presents abase language model 606 for the basketball concept 604. The baselanguage model 606 includes language units 608 and 610. For example, thelanguage unit 608 includes a set of input 612 that is mapped to aresponse 614 (or task). Although the set of input 612 is illustrated asquestions, the set of input 612 may alternatively, or additionally,include any type of user input (e.g., statements, phrases, etc.). Thesports virtual assistant 602 may provide response 614 for any of the setof input 612. In some instances, input can be modified to include asport concept. Through the virtual assistant trainer interface 600, thetrainer may reconfigure the base language model-606 by adding content tothe set of input 612, updating the response 614, and/or adding anadditional language unit through a button 616. The trainer may alsochange a data source that is accessed to formulate a response (e.g., adata source used to find a score of a game). In this example, thetrainer has added content “hoops score” to the set of input 612, so thatthis phrase corresponds to a response of “the score is [ ]” (wherebrackets indicate information to be filled in). In some instances, abase language model for another sport may be created by adding anotherconcept and selecting the concept to be included as a concept for a baselanguage model.

The virtual assistant trainer interface 600 may also include a section618 to illustrate concepts that are associated with the sports virtualassistant 602 (e.g., concepts that may be interpreted from input of auser). The trainer may reconfigure the concepts by creating newassociations, such as by linking a concept 620 with the basketballconcept 604, and/or by adding additional concepts, such as by selectinga button 622.

The trainer may test any changes that have been made to the conceptsand/or base language models of the sports virtual assistant 602 byselecting a button 624. The test may verify that no errors have beencreated (e.g., conflicts between concepts, conflicts between mappings ofinputs sets and response, etc.). Further, the trainer may save anychanges made through the virtual assistant trainer interface 600 byselecting a save button 626.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example virtual assistant trainer interface 700 toset or configure characteristics of a virtual assistant. Here, a trainermay configure characteristics of a finance virtual assistant 702.

The virtual assistant trainer interface 700 may include an input field704 to set a name of the finance virtual assistant 702, a drop-down menu706 to upload an image to be associated with the finance virtualassistant 702 (e.g., configure a visual appearance of a virtualassistant), and an input field 708 to input a description of the financevirtual assistant 702 (e.g., capabilities, the types of training thatthe finance virtual assistant 702 has been subjected to, informationabout the trainer, and so on). The virtual assistant trainer interface700 may also include an input field 710 to specify an action (e.g.,verb) and object (e.g., noun) to be associated with a particular taskselected through a drop-down menu 712. The action and object mayadditionally be associated with a response through selection of aresponse in a drop-down menu 714 and/or text input through an inputfield 716. The trainer may save any changes to the finance virtualassistant 702 by selecting a button 718.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example virtual assistant agency interface 800 tooffer virtual assistants for acquisition. The virtual assistants mayinclude different characteristics. In some instances, the virtualassistants may have been trained by trainers, while in other instancesthe virtual assistants may be configured by the virtual assistantservice 108 or other services.

The virtual assistant agency interface 800 includes a section 802 thatshows tops selling virtual assistants. Each virtual assistant may beprovided with various types of information, including a subject orindustry for which the virtual assistant is configured, a generaldescription of the virtual assistant, a rating of the virtual assistant(e.g., user rating, rating from an automatic evaluation, etc.), a levelof training associated with the virtual assistant, information about atrainer (e.g., user reviews of the trainer, ratings of the trainer byusers or others, etc.), and a value for which the virtual assistant isbeing offered for acquisition (e.g., a price).

The virtual assistant agency interface 800 also includes a section 804that shows virtual assistants that may be deemed to be of interest to auser. These virtual assistants may be identified based on an analysis ofcontextual information, such as user preferences, perviousconversations, and so on. Although not illustrated in FIG. 8, thevirtual assistant agency interface 800 may additionally include virtualassistant team packages that include multiple virtual assistants thatare offered for acquisition in a package. The virtual assistant agencyinterface 800 may also include a search field 806 to search throughvirtual assistants.

Through the virtual assistant agency interface 800 a user may acquire avirtual assistant (e.g., by selecting a buy button). Upon acquiring avirtual assistant, the virtual assistant may be associated with theuser, so that the user may utilize the virtual assistant in aconversation user interface. In some examples, the user may at leastpartially download a virtual assistant to a smart device, while in otherinstances the virtual assistant may merely be identified and associatedwith an account of the user. Although the virtual assistant agencyinterface 800 offers virtual assistants for purchase, in some instancesthe virtual assistants may otherwise be offered for acquisition, such asfor free, in a bidding manner, or otherwise.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example virtual assistant customization interface900 for enabling end-users to configure virtual assistant teams. In thisexample, a user may enable or disable various virtual assistants bymoving virtual assistants between a section 902 representing a pool ofavailable virtual assistants and an icon 904 representing the user'senabled team. In some instances, the virtual assistants in the section902 include a set of default virtual assistants that are made availableby a virtual assistant service, while in other instances the virtualassistants may have been acquired by the user. When a virtual assistantis enabled for presentation, the virtual assistant may comprise part ofan available set of virtual assistants that may be presented to the userduring a conversation.

To enable a virtual assistant for presentation through a conversationuser interface, the user may drag a virtual assistant from the section902 and drop the virtual assistant on the icon 904. In contrast, todisable a virtual assistant for presentation, the user may drag thevirtual assistant from the icon 904 to the section 902. The icon 904 maymove in a scroll-like manner from left-to-right or right-to-left. Insome instances, a similar icon to the icon 904 is presented to the userin a conversation user interface to enable the user to choose betweenvarious virtual assistants that are available to carry out aconversation.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example virtual assistant customization interface1000 for enabling end-users to configure characteristics of a virtualassistant. As illustrated, the virtual assistant customization interface1000 includes an input field 1002 to input a name to be associated withthe virtual assistant, a drop-down menu 1004 to upload an image to beassociated with the virtual assistant (e.g., to configure a visualappearance), a drop-down menu 1006 to select a personality (e.g.,attitude, etc.), a drop-down menu 1008 to select an accent, a drop-downmenu 1010 to select a language in which the virtual assistant is to beconfigured to communicate, a drop-down menu 1012 to select a outputtriggering condition (e.g., present a sports virtual assistant anytime aparticular basketball team is playing, present a flight virtualassistant upon arrival at a particular location, etc.), and a drop-downmenu 1014 to specify that a particular word corresponds to a wordspecified in input field 1016 (e.g., specify that “basketball” and“hoops” mean the same thing).

Further, the virtual assistant customization interface 1000 includes adrop-down menu 1018 to select a level of security to be associated withthe virtual assistant (e.g., the virtual assistant cannot accessdocuments tagged as confidential, the virtual assistant can access acredit card number, etc.), a drop-down menu 1020 to specify what groupthe virtual assistant is to be associated with (e.g., a basketballvirtual assistant should be grouped with sports virtual assistants), adrop-down menu 1022 to specify a data source to utilize for obtaininginformation (e.g., access pictures in a particular folder), and adrop-down menu 1024 to select a preference of the user to utilize tointerpret input and perform tasks (e.g., books flights with a preferredseat type, ship items according to a preferred type of shipping, etc.).The user may save any changes through a button 1026.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example conversation user interface 1100 where avirtual assistant is switched based on user input. In this example, anexecutive assistant virtual assistant is initiated when the conversationuser interface 1100 is opened, as illustrated by a conversation item1102. Here, the user requests “Do I need to pay any bills?,” asillustrated by a conversation item 1104. Based on this information, theexecutive assistant virtual assistant may determine that a financevirtual assistant is needed, since the executive assistant virtualassistant may not have access to any bill information. Accordingly, theconversation is turned over to the finance virtual assistant, asillustrated by an icon 1106 that indicates that a change in virtualassistants was made. The finance virtual assistant may then answer thequestion, as illustrated by an icon 1108.

In this example the change occurs automatically in response to receivinguser input that is interpreted as requesting a change. However, in otherinstances the change may occur in response to other output triggeringconditions being satisfied.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example conversation user interface 1200 where avirtual assistant is switched in response to a user selection of asuggested virtual assistant. In this example, an executive assistantvirtual assistant determines that the user is watching a sports game ona television (e.g., based on an analysis of content output history).Here, a suggestion to switch to a sports virtual assistant 1202 is madeby rotating an icon 1204 (e.g., ribbon) to present the sports virtualassistant 1202 in a center of the conversation user interface 1200. Inother examples, the suggestion may be made in other ways. In thisexample, the user has accepted the suggestion by selecting the sportsvirtual assistant 1202, and the sports virtual assistant 1202 is enabledto interact with the user, as illustrated by an icon 1206. The sportsvirtual assistant 1202 may then communicate with the user.

Although not illustrated in FIG. 12, in some instances the icon 1204 maybe updated with different types of sports virtual assistants when thesports virtual assistant 1202 is selected. For example, the icon 1204may be updated to include virtual assistants for the different types ofsports (e.g., football, basketball, baseball, etc.).

FIG. 13 illustrates example conversation user interfaces 1300 and 1302that may be presented to show a conversation between virtual assistants.In this example, a virtual assistant 1304 that is implemented via thesmart device 104 may communication with a virtual assistant 1306 that isimplemented via a smart device 1308 associated with a user 1310. Here,the user 106 (e.g., Susie) has requested that a meeting be scheduledwith the user 1310 (e.g., Joe). Accordingly, the virtual assistant 1304initiates communication with the virtual assistant 1306 by sending arequest for authorization to communicate, as illustrated by aconversation item 1312. The user 1310 may allow or deny thecommunication through the conversation item 1312. In this example, theuser 1310 has selected the “Allow” button and the virtual assistant 1304and the virtual assistant 1306 may communicate to schedule the meeting,as indicated by a conversation item 1314.

To schedule the meeting, the virtual assistant 1304 may request to knowwhen the user 1310 is available and a conversation item 1316 may bepresented to illustrate the communication from the virtual assistant1304. Next, the virtual assistant 1306 may respond with times that theuser 1310 is available and a conversation item 1318 may be presented.The virtual assistant 1304 may then send a calendar invitation, asillustrated by a conversation item 1320, and the virtual assistant 1306may accept the invitation, as illustrated by a conversation item 1322.After the meeting has been scheduled, a calendar event 1324 may bepresented via the conversation user interface 1300 and the conversationuser interface 1302 to indicate that the meeting has been scheduled.

In some instances, the conversation items 1316, 1318, 1320, 1322, 1324,and/or other conversation items may be presented one-by-one after aparticular amount of time to indicate a back-and-forth conversationbetween the virtual assistant 1304 and the virtual assistant 1306.

Although the example of FIG. 13 illustrates communications betweenvirtual assistants of different entities, similar processing may takeplace for communications between other types of virtual assistants. Inone example, virtual assistants that are associated with a same user maycommunication and present conversation items to represent thecommunications. Further, although the conversation user interface 1300and the conversation user interface 1302 do not mirror each other (e.g.,different conversation items are included), in some instances the sameconversations items may be shown in the conversation user interface 1300and the conversation user interface 1302.

Example Processes

FIGS. 14-20 illustrate example processes 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800,1900, and 2000 for employing the techniques described herein. For easeof illustration the processes 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, and2000 are described as being performed in the architecture 100 of FIG. 1.For example, one or more of the individual operations of the processes1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, and 2000 may be performed by thesmart device 104, the virtual assistant service 108, and/or the device118. However, the processes 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, and 2000may be performed in other architectures. Moreover, the architecture 100may be used to perform other processes.

In some instances of the processes 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900,and 2000, the virtual assistant service 108, the smart device 104,and/or the device 118 may cause an action to be performed, such ascausing display of an interface. In some instances, this may includeperforming the action at the device that is causing the action to beperformed, while in other instances this may include sending aninstruction or other data to another device to cause the action to beperformed at the other device. For example, the virtual assistantservice 108 may cause a virtual assistant to be output on the smartdevice 104 by sending an instruction or data to the smart device 104instructing the smart device 104 to output the virtual assistant.

The processes 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, and 2000 (as well aseach process described herein) are illustrated as a logical flow graph,each operation of which represents a sequence of operations that can beimplemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. In thecontext of software, the operations represent computer-readableinstructions stored on one or more computer-readable storage media that,when executed by one or more processors, perform the recited operations.Generally, computer-readable instructions include routines, programs,objects, components, data structures, and the like that performparticular functions or implement particular abstract data types. Theorder in which the operations are described is not intended to beconstrued as a limitation, and any number of the described operationscan be combined in any order and/or in parallel to implement theprocess. Further, any number of the described operations may be omitted.

FIG. 14 illustrates the example process 1400 for obtaining trainedversions of virtual assistants from trainers.

At 1402, a virtual assistant trainer interface may be provided fordisplay. The virtual assistant trainer interface may include elements toenable a trainer to train a virtual assistant. For example, the virtualassistant trainer interface may enable the trainer to associate avirtual assistant with the trainer for training, review previousconversations between a user and a virtual assistant, review baselanguage models of virtual assistants, configure a characteristic of avirtual assistant (e.g., a base language model, a concept that isutilized to interpret input, etc.), and so on. Additionally, oralternatively, the virtual assistant trainer interface may includeelements to submit a trained version of a virtual assistant to beoffered for acquisition to users.

At 1404, a virtual assistant may be identified to be trained by atrainer. This may include receiving user input via the virtual assistanttrainer interface indicating a desire to train a virtual assistant(e.g., selecting a virtual assistant from a set of default, untrained,or partially trained virtual assistants that are made available). Insome instances, the identified virtual assistant may be associated withthe trainer so that the virtual assistant may be used by the trainer andso that conversations may be monitored to configure the virtualassistant. To illustrate, the identified virtual assistant may beassociated with an account of the trainer that is managed by the virtualassistant service 108, enabling the trainer to use the virtualassistant. Further, in some instances the identified virtual assistantmay be at least partially downloaded locally to a client device of thetrainer so that the virtual assistant may be used.

At 1406, a trained version of a virtual assistant may be obtained. Thismay include monitoring conversations of a trainer with a virtualassistant (e.g., overtime or in any conversation) to learn how toresponse to user input and configuring a characteristic of the virtualassistant based on the learning. To illustrate, assume a languagetranslator virtual assistant (e.g., from English to Spanish) isinteracting with a trainer and returns an incorrectly translated phrase.Here, the trainer may tell the virtual assistant that the phrase wasincorrectly translated (e.g., “no, this phrase should have beentranslated to . . . ”) and the underlying functionality of the virtualassistant may be reconfigured so that the phrase is correctly translatedthe next time. In another illustration, assume that a sports virtualassistant searches for a hula hoop online in response to input that fromthe trainer that includes the term “hoop” (e.g., “what's going on withthe hoops game?.” “what's the score in the hoops game,” etc.). Here, thetrainer may navigate away from a hula hoop website provided by thesports virtual assistant to a basketball website. If, for example, thisoccurs more than a particular number of times, the sports virtualassistant may be reconfigured so that “hoops” corresponds to“basketball” (e.g., the term “hoops” is associated with the concept of“basketball”).

Alternatively, or additionally, a trained version of a virtual assistantmay be obtained by receiving input through the virtual assistant trainerinterface to configure a characteristic of a virtual assistant. Forinstance, the virtual assistant trainer interface may display a previousconversation of the virtual assistant with a user (e.g., any user or thetrainer's previous conversations with the virtual assistant), and thetrainer may provide feedback regarding a response of the virtualassistant that was provided during the previous conversation, such as arating for the response that indicates how appropriate the response wasto input from the user. In another instance, the virtual assistanttrainer interface may display a base language model of a virtualassistant and the trainer may provide input to reconfigure the baselanguage model (e.g., updating a response that is mapped to a set ofuser input, adding user input to a set of user input, etc.). A baselanguage model may maps a response or task to a set of user input. Inyet another instance, the virtual assistant trainer interface maydisplay a set of concepts utilized by the virtual assistant to interpretuser input, and the trainer may reconfigure a concept of the set ofconcepts (e.g., associate the concept of “hoops” with the concept of“basketball”).

Further, a trained version of a virtual assistant may be obtained byreceiving an upload from the trainer that includes a reconfiguredvirtual assistant either directly or indirectly through conversation inone of the manners discussed above. The trainer may upload the trainedversion of the virtual assistant through the virtual assistant trainerinterface or otherwise (e.g., provide a locally stored copy to thevirtual assistant service 108).

At 1408, a trained version of a virtual assistant may be offered foracquisition to an end-user. For example, a trained version of a virtualassistant may be offered for acquisition through a virtual assistantagency interface.

At 1410, a trained version of a virtual assistant may be evaluated. Thismay include subjecting the trained version of the virtual assistant to aset of tests to make sure that the virtual assistant satisfies one ormore criteria (e.g., does not ask more than a particular number offollow-up questions (makes appropriate assumptions), does not provideresponses indicating that user input was not understood, functionsproperly (no errors), characteristics were actually reconfigured(perform comparison with previous characteristics), etc.). The set oftests may be performed by the virtual assistant service 108, sometimesin an automated manner.

At 1412, acquisitions of a trained version of a virtual assistant may bedetermined. This may include determining a number of acquisitions of thetrained version of the virtual assistant by users, how much revenue hasbeen generated by acquisitions of the trained version of the virtualassistant, and so on.

At 1414, a rating may be determined for a trainer. The rating may bebased on the evaluation of the trained version of the virtual assistantat 1410 (e.g., rating increases as the evaluation increases), thedetermined acquisitions of trained version of virtual assistants at 1412(e.g., rating increases as the number of acquisitions increases), and soon.

At 1416, a rating that is determined at 1414 may be associated with atrainer. This may include associating the rating with a user profile forthe trainer. As such, the trainer may build a reputation by trainingvirtual assistants.

At 1418, compensation may be provided to a trainer for having trained avirtual assistant. The amount of compensation may be based on theevaluation of the trained version of the virtual assistant at 1410(e.g., compensation increases as the evaluation increases), thedetermined acquisitions of trained version of virtual assistants at 1412(e.g., compensation increases as the number of acquisitions increases),and so on. In some instances, a trainer may be compensated overtime asvirtual assistants that were trained by the trainer are acquired byusers (e.g., receive a royalty payment for each acquired virtualassistant). Compensation may include money, gift cards, reputationpoints, awards, and so on.

Although 1410-1418 are illustrated as being performed after theoperation 1408, in some instances these operations may be performed inparallel with and/or before the operation 1408.

FIG. 15 illustrates the example process 1500 for offering virtualassistants for acquisition.

At 1502, one or more virtual assistants may be received from one or moreentities. In some instances, a virtual assistant is received through avirtual assistant trainer interface (e.g., submitting a virtualassistant). An entity may include a user (e.g., trainer or end-user),application (e.g., program), company, service provider, device, and soon. As such, in some instances the one or more received virtualassistants may comprise trained versions of virtual assistants.

At 1504, a value for a virtual assistant may be determined. A value mayinclude a price or other value at which to offer a virtual assistant foracquisition to users. A value of a virtual assistant may be determinedbased on an amount of training that the virtual assistant has received,a rating of a trainer that trained the virtual assistant, and/or arating of the virtual assistant (e.g., previous user rating associatedwith the virtual assistant).

At 1506, a virtual assistant agency interface may be provided to offerone or more virtual assistants for acquisition. In some instances, thevirtual assistant agency interface offers multiple virtual assistantsthat include different characteristics. The virtual assistant agencyinterface may offer a virtual assistant for acquisition at a value thatis determined at the operation 1504. Further, the virtual assistantagency interface may present information describing functionality of avirtual assistant, an evaluation of a trainer that trained a virtualassistant (e.g., user rating/review of a trainer, rating determined bythe virtual assistant service 108, etc.), and/or an evaluation of avirtual assistant (e.g., user rating/review of a virtual assistant).

At 1508, input may be received that identifies a virtual assistant. Theinput may be received via the virtual assistant agency interface (e.g.,a selection of a virtual assistant to purchase). In some instances, aform of payment for the virtual assistant may also be received.

At 1510, a user may be enabled to use the identified virtual assistant.In some instances, this may include associating the virtual assistantwith the user (e.g., with an account of the user) so that the virtualassistant may be utilized in a conversation user interface. In otherinstances, this may include at least partially downloading the virtualassistant to a client device (e.g., the smart device 104).

FIG. 16 illustrates the example process 1600 for outputting differentvirtual assistants via a conversation user interface.

At 1602, a conversation user interface may be caused to be output. Thismay include sending an instruction to a client device (e.g., the smartdevice 104) to output the conversation user interface, displaying theconversation user interface, and so on. The conversation user interfacemay be output along with a virtual assistant from a team of virtualassistants. In some instances, a predetermined virtual assistant may beprovided when the conversation user interface is initiated (e.g., openedby a user). The predetermined virtual assistant may be set by a user.Alternatively, or additionally, the predetermined virtual assistant maycomprise a dispatching virtual assistant (e.g., executive assistant)that is configured to dispatch a conversation among the team of virtualassistants to a virtual assistant that is configured to perform a taskrelated to a current context of the conversation.

The conversation user interface may enable or facilitate a conversationbetween a user and any number of virtual assistants from the team ofvirtual assistants. As noted above, a team of virtual assistants mayinclude different characteristics, such as different task mappings,different base language models, different types of functionality,different visual appearances, different audible manners of output,different levels of security, different levels of training, differentlanguages in which the multiple virtual assistants communicate, and soon.

At 1604, a virtual assistant of the team of virtual assistants may beidentified to be output via the conversation user interface. In someinstances, this may include identifying a new virtual assistant tooutput to replace an existing virtual assistant that is being presented.Here, the new virtual assistant may include different characteristicsthan the existing virtual assistant. In other instances, such as whenthe conversation user interface is initiated (e.g., opened by a user),this may include identifying a virtual assistant to be output when theconversation user interface is initiated.

A virtual assistant may be identified at 1604 by obtaining and analyzingcontextual information related to a user or a smart device of the user(e.g., a context of the user or the smart device). For example,conversation information may be analyzed to determine a concept oridentify input of a current or previous conversation between a user anda virtual assistant. Here, a virtual assistant may be selected that isconfigured to perform a task that is related to the concept or input ofthe conversation (e.g., identify a finance virtual assistant when theuser mentions “ATM” or other term that is related to banking). Inanother example, location information may be analyzed to determine alocation of a smart device that is used by a user (e.g., current,future/destination, or previous geo-location). Here, a virtual assistantmay be selected that is configured to perform a task that is related tothe location (e.g., selecting a travel virtual assistant when the userarrives at an airport). In yet another example, content output historydescribing content that has been output to a user may be analyzed toidentify content that has been output. This may include content that hasbeen output during a conversation (e.g., search results provided by avirtual assistant), content that has been output at another time (e.g.,the user recently watched a new vampire movie), content that has beenoutput on another smart device other than the one that is being used tocommunicated with the virtual assistant (e.g., a show that was recentlywatched on a television), and so on. Here, a virtual assistant may beselected that is configured to perform a task that is related to thecontent that has been output (e.g., select an entertainment virtualassistant when the user is watching a movie on a television and accessesa conversation user interface on a mobile telephone). In a furtherexample, calendar information may be analyzed to identify an event, anda virtual assistant that is configured to perform a task that is relatedto the event may be selected (e.g., selecting a medical virtualassistant when a calendar indicates that a user has an appointment witha doctor). In another example, an orientation of a smart device may bedetermined (e.g., based on a sensor) and a virtual assistant that isconfigured to be displayed when the smart device is oriented accordingto the current orientation may be selected (e.g., presenting a virtualassistant that has a relatively large image, or that is previouslyidentified by the user, when the smart device is oriented in landscapemode).

Moreover, in other examples at the operation 1604 other contextualinformation may be analyzed and other types of virtual assistants may beidentified for output through the conversation user interface. Forinstance, the techniques may identify a virtual assistant has somerelation to content of a message based on messaging information (e.g.,identify a mechanic virtual assistant when a user describes a problemwith a car in an email, text message, telephone call, instant message,etc.), identify a virtual assistant that has some relation to contentthat has been viewed or posted via a social networking service based onsocial networking information, identify a virtual assistant that hassome relation to search input (e.g., identifying a mechanic virtualassistant when a user searches for mechanics), identify a virtualassistant that is configured to perform a task that has been performedpreviously at a current time of day (e.g., identifying a chef virtualassistant for output at 5 pm based on requests from a user on previousdays around 5 pm for cooking recipes), and so on.

At 1606, a suggestion of the virtual assistant that has been identifiedat the operation 1604 may be caused to be output. The suggestion mayrecommend that the user converse with the identified virtual assistantthrough the conversation user interface (e.g., suggest that the userselect the identified virtual assistant to initiate or continue aconversation).

At 1608, user input may be received that includes a selection of theidentified virtual assistant (e.g., the user may select the identifiedvirtual assistant for output). Here, the user input may be providedthrough the conversation user interface, such as when the user selectsan icon or other information in the conversation user interface thatrepresents the suggestion.

At 1610, the identified virtual assistant may be caused to be output tothe user (e.g., displayed or otherwise output). This may include sendingan instruction to a smart device to display the virtual assistant thatis identified at the operation 1604, displaying the virtual assistantthat is identified via a display of the smart device, and so on. In someinstances, the identified virtual assistant may be output in response toreceiving the user input at the operation 1608. In other instances, suchas in cases where suggestions of virtual assistants are not made tousers, the identified virtual assistant may be automatically output inresponse to performing the operation 1604. When a user is interactingwith an initial virtual assistant through the conversation userinterface, the operation 1610 may enable the user to continue aconversation with the identified virtual assistant that is now output.The newly presented virtual assistant may assist the user in completinga task that was previously requested with the initial virtual assistantor perform a variety of other functionality.

At 1612, information may be learned, including which virtual assistantto output for particular user input. For example, if it was determinedto switch to a sports virtual assistant when a user mentions “rebounds”a particular number of times, and the user continues to converse withthe sports virtual assistant after the switch, then it may be determinedthat this switch should be performed in the future when such a conditionis met again. In contrast, if the user reverted to the initial virtualassistant after the sports virtual assistant was provided, then it maybe determined that the switch should not be performed in the future.

FIG. 17 illustrates the example process 1700 for enabling virtualassistants to communicate with each other and presenting information torepresent the communication.

At 1702, a conversation user interface may be caused to be output alongwith a virtual assistant. The virtual assistant may be configured withparticular characteristics, such as being associated with a particularentity (e.g., a user, application, company, service provider, device,etc.), include particular functionality, and so on. Further, in someinstances the virtual assistant may be associated with a team of virtualassistants.

At 1704, it may be determined that one or more conditions are satisfiedto initiate communication between virtual assistants (e.g., between thevirtual assistant and another virtual assistant). The virtual assistantsmay have different characteristics, such as being associated withdifferent entities, include different functionality, and so on, therebyenabling different tasks to be performed. The determination may be basedon contextual information (e.g., conversation information, locationinformation, etc.). The one or more conditions may generally besatisfied when it is determined that the virtual assistant that iscurrently being output lacks a characteristic that is needed to completea task and/or determined that another virtual assistant has a moreappropriate characteristic (e.g., is able to perform a task faster ormore efficiently). To illustrate, if John is conversing with anexecutive assistant virtual assistant and requests “schedule a meetingwith Linda,” then it may be determined that a communication with one ofLinda's virtual assistants is needed, since the executive assistantvirtual assistant may not be associated with Linda (e.g., differententities). In another illustration, if a user asks a travel virtualassistant to purchase a flight and credit card information is needed, itmay be determined that a communication with the user's banking virtualassistant is need, since the travel virtual assistant may not haveaccess to the credit card information (e.g., different functionality).

At 1706, another virtual assistant may be identified to communicate withthe virtual assistant that is currently output via the conversation userinterface. For example, if it is determined that a communication isneeded with a virtual assistant of a different entity than the entitythat is associated with the currently output virtual assistant (e.g.,John's virtual assistant needs to communicate with Linda's virtualassistant), then information may be referenced to identify which virtualassistants are associated with the other entity. In another example, ifit is determined that a communication is needed with a virtual assistantthat includes different functionality than a currently output virtualassistant, then it may be determined which virtual assistant isconfigured to perform the desired functionality (e.g., determine that abanking virtual assistant is needed to obtain credit card information).

At 1708, a request may be sent to the other virtual assistant that isidentified at the operation 1706 for permission to communicate with theother virtual assistant. For example, when the other virtual assistantis associated with another user, a request may be sent to the othervirtual assistant requesting that the other user authorizecommunication.

At 1710, it may be determined whether or not the virtual assistant isauthorized to communicate with the other virtual assistant. For example,if authorization is received from the other user associated with theother virtual assistant, then it may be determined that the virtualassistant is authorized to communicate with the other virtual assistant.In contrast, if authorization is not received, then it may be determinedthat the virtual assistant is not authorized to communicate with theother virtual assistant.

If it is determined at 1710 that the virtual assistant is authorized tocommunicate with the other virtual assistant, the process 1700 mayproceed to 1712 (e.g., the YES path). Alternatively, if it is determinedthat the virtual assistant is not authorized to communicate with theother virtual assistant, the process 1700 may return to 1702.

At 1712, the virtual assistant and the other virtual assistant may becaused to communicate (e.g., carry out a conversation). Thecommunication may include exchanging information, providing responsesand/or queries, and so on. In some instances, the virtual assistants maycommunicate to perform a task for the user.

At 1714, one or more conversation items may be caused to be output viathe conversation user interface to represent the communication betweenthe virtual assistants. In one example, a conversation item may includea dialog representation representing a response or query of a virtualassistant or other information that is communicated between the virtualassistants. This information may be related to functionality of avirtual assistant (e.g., a security virtual assistant may pass login andpassword information to an email virtual assistant that is attempting toaccess an email account, a music virtual assistant may pass a song to anexecutive assistant virtual assistant to be included as part of anappointment alert, etc.). In another example, a conversation item mayinclude a summary item that represents an entirety or portion of theconversation between the virtual assistants (e.g., an icon thatrepresents a number of back-and-forth communications and that, uponselection, may reveal those underlying communications). In yet anotherexample, a conversation item may indicate that the task has beencompleted (e.g., an icon for a calendar event that has been scheduled,an icon for a flight that has been booked, and so on).

In some instances, the one or more conversation items may be presentedover a period of time in a back-and-forth manner to emulate a humanconversation (e.g., one virtual assistant speaks, then other speaksafter waiting some time). For example, a first conversation item that isassociated with a virtual assistant may be displayed via theconversation user interface and, after a period of time has passed fromdisplaying the first conversation item, a second conversation item thatis associated with another virtual assistant may be displayed. Theconversation items may be displayed as information is exchanged betweenthe virtual assistants or may be displayed independently of wheninformation is exchanged.

FIG. 18 illustrates the example process 1800 for customizing a team ofvirtual assistants through a virtual assistant customization interface.In some instances, the process 1800 may enable end-users and others tocustomize virtual assistants.

At 1802, a virtual assistant team customization interface may beprovided. The virtual assistant team customization interface may beprovided to a user or others and may include a plurality of virtualassistants that are configured with different characteristics.

At 1804, user input may be received via the virtual assistant teamcustomization interface regarding customization of a virtual assistantof the plurality of virtual assistants. For example, the user input mayidentify a virtual assistant to be added to or removed from a team ofvirtual assistants that are associated with the user. Here, the userinput may include a drag-and-drop action where a virtual assistant isdragged to or away from a team icon representing the team of virtualassistants. In another example, the user input may related tocustomization of a characteristic of a virtual assistant (e.g., arequest to change a task mapping, a selection of an image to represent avisual appearance of a virtual assistant, a request to set a conditionthat triggers the output of a virtual assistant, etc.).

At 1806, one or more virtual assistants may be customized based on theuser input that is received at 1804. For example, a new team of virtualassistants may be created and associated with a user or smart devicebased on user input that identifies what virtual assistants to includein the team. In another example, an existing team of virtual assistantsmay be updated to add or remove a virtual assistant that is identifiedfrom user input. In yet another example, a characteristic of a virtualassistant may be configured, such as a visual appearance of a virtualassistant, a condition that triggers when a virtual assistant is output,a task mapping, and so on.

FIG. 19 illustrates the example process 1900 for customizing a team ofvirtual assistants from an analysis of contextual information. In someinstances, the process 1900 may customize a team of virtual assistantsto include virtual assistants that may be of interest to a user.

At 1902, contextual information may be analyzed to identify one or moretasks that are deemed to be of interest to a user. The contextualinformation may comprise, for example, conversation information, contentoutput history, calendar information, location information, preferenceinformation, or any other type of information. The one or more tasksthat are deemed to be of interest may be identified in a variety ofmanners. For example, if a user has asked more than a particular numberof medical questions over a period of time, then it may be determinedthat the user may be interested in having medical-related tasksperformed (e.g., answering medical diagnostic questions, setting doctorappointments, reminding the user when to take prescriptions, etc.). Inanother example, if a user frequently views a sports website, then itmay be determined that the user is interested in having sports tasksperformed (e.g., providing sports scores, purchasing tickets to sportsgames, etc.).

At 1904, one or more virtual assistants that are deemed to be ofinterest to a user may be identified. This may be based on the analysisat 1902. For example, a virtual assistant that is configured to performa task that is deemed to be of interest to a user may be identified(e.g., identify a sports virtual assistant when it is determined thatthe user is interested in sports tasks).

At 1906, a suggestion may be provided to a user identifying a virtualassistant that is identified at 1904. The suggestion may recommend thatthe user add the virtual assistant to a team of virtual assistants thatare associated with the user. The suggestion may be provided through aconversation user interface, a virtual assistant agency interface, avirtual assistant team customization interface, or otherwise.

At 1908, user input may be received that includes a selection of thesuggested virtual assistant. That is, the user may indicate a desire toinclude the suggested virtual assistant in a team of virtual assistants.

At 1910, one or more virtual assistants may be customized. Thecustomizing may include updating a team of virtual assistants to includea virtual assistant that is configured to perform a task that is deemedto be of interest to a user (e.g., automatically creating a new team ofvirtual assistants to include a virtual assistant that is deemed to beof interest, automatically updating an existing team of virtualassistants to include a virtual assistant that is deemed to be ofinterest, etc.), configuring a characteristic of a virtual assistant,and so on. To illustrate, a team of virtual assistants that isassociated with a user may be updated to include a virtual assistantthat is configured to perform a task that is related to contextualinformation of the user, such as adding a sports virtual assistant whenconversation information indicates that the user frequently (e.g., morethan a threshold number of times over a period of time) asks that sportstasks be performed, adding a movie virtual assistant when content outputhistory indicates that the user frequently views movies, adding amedical virtual assistant when calendar information indicates that theuser frequently goes to the doctor, adding a restaurant virtualassistant when location information indicates that a user frequentlygoes to restaurants, adding a handyman virtual assistant when preferenceinformation indicates that the user likes to build things, and so on.

Although the operations 1906 and 1908 are illustrated as being includedin the process 1900, in some instances these operations may be omitted,such as in the case when an automatic customization is performed basedon contextual information.

FIG. 20 illustrates the example process 2000 for customizing a virtualassistant to emulate how a user has interacted with the virtualassistant.

At 2002, conversation information may be analyzed to identify how a userhas interacted with a virtual assistant during a conversation. Theconversation information may generally describe a conversation betweenthe virtual assistant and the user. In some instances, the conversationinformation may include images that were captured during theconversation with the user (e.g., images of facial expressions of theuser). The images may be captured with the users consent. The analysisat 2002 may include identifying a manner of speech that the user usedduring the conversation, a mode of input that the user has used morethan a threshold number of times during the conversation (e.g., text,touch, or speech), one or more facial expressions that were expressed bythe user during the conversation, and so on.

At 2004, a virtual assistant may be customized to emulate how the userinteracted with the virtual assistant during a conversation. The virtualassistant that is customized may include the same or a different virtualassistant than that with which the user interacted. In one example, thevirtual assistant may be customized by configuring a manner of audibleoutput of the virtual assistant based on the manner of speech that theuser used during a conversation (e.g., configuring the virtual assistantto talk slow when the user talks slow, configuring the virtual assistantto have a same accent as the user, configuring the virtual assistant touse acronyms when the user uses acronyms, and so on). In anotherexample, a mode of output of the virtual assistant may be customizedbased on a mode of input of the user (e.g., use text/content output whenthe users uses text input, use audio output when the user uses speechinput, and so on). In yet another example, a facial expression that isexpressed by a virtual assistant may be customized based on a facialexpression that was expressed by a user (e.g., the virtual assistant maysmile frequently when the user smiles frequently, the virtual assistantmay raise eyebrows when the user raises his eyebrows, etc.). In otherexamples, other characteristics of a virtual assistant may beconfigured.

CONCLUSION

Although embodiments have been described in language specific tostructural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understoodthat the disclosure is not necessarily limited to the specific featuresor acts described. Rather, the specific features and acts are disclosedherein as illustrative forms of implementing the embodiments.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: under control of a computingdevice configured with executable instructions, identifying a virtualassistant with which another virtual assistant is to communicate;causing the virtual assistant and the other virtual assistant tocommunicate; and causing one or more dialog representations to bepresented in a conversation user interface illustrating thecommunication between the virtual assistant and the other virtualassistant.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the virtual assistant andthe other virtual assistant communicate to perform a task for a user. 3.The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more dialog representationsare presented over a period of time in a back-and-forth manner toemulate a human conversation.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the oneor more dialog representations indicate information that is communicatedbetween the virtual assistant and the other virtual assistant.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the virtual assistant and the other virtualassistant are associated with different entities.
 6. The method of claim1, wherein the one or more dialog representations include a summaryconversation item that represents an entirety of the conversationbetween the virtual assistant and the other virtual assistant.
 7. One ormore computer-readable storage media storing computer-readableinstructions that, when executed, instruct one or more processors toperform operations comprising: causing a conversation user interface tobe output along with a first virtual assistant associated with a firstentity; causing the first virtual assistant and a second virtualassistant to carry out a conversation to perform a task for a user, thesecond virtual assistant being associated with a second entity; andcausing one or more conversation items to be output via the conversationuser interface to represent the conversation between the first virtualassistant and the second virtual assistant.
 8. The one or morecomputer-readable storage media of claim 7, wherein the first virtualassistant and the second virtual assistant are configured with at leastone different characteristic.
 9. The one or more computer-readablestorage media of claim 7, wherein the causing the one or moreconversation items to be output comprises: outputting a firstconversation item associated with the first virtual assistant; and aftera period of time has passed from outputting the first dialogrepresentation, outputting a second conversation item associated withthe second virtual assistant.
 10. The one or more computer-readablestorage media of claim 7, wherein the one or more conversation itemsindicate information that is communicated between the first virtualassistant and the second virtual assistant.
 11. The one or morecomputer-readable storage media of claim 10, wherein the informationthat is communicated between the first virtual assistant and the secondvirtual assistant comprises information that is related to functionalityof one of the first or second virtual assistants.
 12. The one or morecomputer-readable storage media of claim 7, wherein the one or moreconversation items include a summary conversation item that representsan entirety of the conversation between the first virtual assistant andthe second virtual assistant.
 13. The one or more computer-readablestorage media of claim 7, wherein the operations further comprise:before causing the first virtual assistant and the second virtualassistant to carry out a conversation, sending a request to the secondentity for permission to communicate with the second entity; andreceiving authorization from the second entity to communicate with thesecond entity.
 14. A smart device comprising: a content output device tooutput a conversation user interface and a virtual assistant; one ormore processors communicatively coupled to the content output device;and memory communicatively coupled to the one or more processors andstoring executable instructions that, when executed by the one or moreprocessors, cause the one or more processors to perform acts comprising:identifying another virtual assistant with which the virtual assistantis to communicate to perform a task, the other virtual assistantcomprising at least one characteristic that is different than acharacteristic of the virtual assistant; causing the virtual assistantand the other virtual assistant to communicate; and causing one or moreconversation items to be output via the content output device toillustrate communication between the virtual assistant and the othervirtual assistant.
 15. The smart device of claim 14, wherein the contentoutput device comprises at least one of a display, a speaker, or aprojector.
 16. The smart device of claim 14, wherein the virtualassistant and the other virtual assistant are associated with differententities.
 17. The smart device of claim 14, wherein the one or moreconversation items indicates that the task has been completed.
 18. Thesmart device of claim 14, wherein the causing the one or moreconversation items to be output comprises: causing display of a firstconversation item associated with the virtual assistant via the contentoutput device; and after a period of time has passed from displaying thefirst conversation item, causing display of a second conversation itemassociated with the other virtual assistant via the content outputdevice.
 19. The smart device of claim 14, wherein the one or moreconversation items indicate information that is communicated between thevirtual assistant and the other virtual assistant.
 20. The smart deviceof claim 19, wherein the information that is communicated between thevirtual assistant and the other virtual assistant comprises informationthat is related to functionality of at least one of the virtualassistant or the other virtual assistant.